Therefore, if the responsive composite fish gelatin hydrogel is used to fabricate the IOF, it would generate a new type of material for wound healing with all the anticipated functions. This imparts the responsive IOFs with important values in biosensing and health monitoring. Especially, when the IOFs were constructed by intelligent responsive polymers, both their internal structure and visual color could respond to external stimuli. They could modulate the propagation of incident light with the visible wavelength range, thus reflecting vivid structural color. In contrast, IOFs are flexible materials fabricated by polymers with unique three-dimensional periodic porous structures. Compared with mammalian gelatin, it possesses prominent superiorities of lower cost, lower immunogenicity and fewer religious restrictions. The fish gelatin is extracted from the skin of tilapia and is purified by degreasing, impure protein removal, and collagen denaturation. In this work, we propose a novel inverse opal film (IOF) based on a photo-crosslinking fish gelatin hydrogel with the desired wound healing and dynamic monitoring properties, as shown in Fig. Thus, a multifunctional hydrogel based on a new gelatin source with the function of wound healing and dynamic monitoring is still anticipated. In addition, these animal-derived materials are usually with the simple structure and function of promoting wound healing, lacking effective methods to report wound healing status in real-time. Although with much progress, most of the gelatin-based materials are derived from bovine or porcine sources, leading to the risks of immune rejection and limited clinical applications. Nowadays, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel generated by animal skin gelatin has been widely used in many studies of wound healing, with additional functions of drug delivery, anti-infection, hemostasis, biosensing, and so on. Besides, benefitting from the existence of matrix metalloproteinase responsive peptide motifs, cells are easy to proliferate and spread in the gelatin-based scaffolds. Among them, gelatin-based hydrogels, fabricated by biopolymers derived from the animal extracellular matrix, are attractive candidates due to their unique capacity of cell attaching. With the increasing attention to the worldwide healthcare hotspot of wound treatment and therapy, a burst number of advanced materials for wound healing have emerged, including electrospun fibers, spongy dressing, nanoparticles, and polymer hydrogels, etc. These features implied the practical value of the multifunctional fish gelatin hydrogel IOFs in clinical wound management. More attractively, as the pH-responsive PAA was incorporated, the IOF patch could report the wound healing status through its real-time structural colors or reflectance spectra. In addition, the IOF presented interconnected nanopores and high specific surface areas for vascular endothelial growth factor loading, which could further improve its angiogenesis capability. As the structures of these natural biomolecules are well-retained during the fabrication, the resultant IOF was with brilliant biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, antibacterial property, as well as with the functions of promoting tissue growth and wound healing. The film with vibrant structure colors was constructed by using the mixture of fish gelatin methacryloyl, chitosan, and polyacrylic acid (PAA) to replicate colloidal crystal templates. In this paper, we present a novel inverse opal film (IOF) patch based on a photo-crosslinking fish gelatin hydrogel with the desired features for wound healing and dynamic monitoring. Attempts in the area focus on developing patches with the capabilities of avoiding wound infection, promoting tissue remolding, and reporting treatment status that are of great value for wound treatment. Wound healing has become a worldwide healthcare issue.
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